Over the past 40 years, ideologically motivated violent extremist (IMVE) attacks have occurred more frequently and caused more deaths and injuries in Canada than any other form of terrorism. This article examines how IMVE groups, attacks, and networks in Canada are financed. Through an analysis of seven groups and eleven attacks, and consideration of transnational networks, a baseline understanding of how groups in Canada raise, use, store, move, obscure, and manage funds, as well as the costs of IMVE attacks, is established. The authors further assess whether counter-terrorist financing (CTF) tools can be applied to the threat of IMVE. Although military approaches are unlikely to be useful, both states and nonstate actors have other CTF methods at their disposal to combat IMVE financing, including leveraging financial intelligence, sanctions, and financial deplatforming.
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